@article{ref1,
title="Vigilance decrement during on-road partially automated driving across four systems",
journal="Human factors",
year="2023",
author="Biondi, Francesco N. and McDonnell, Amy S. and Mahmoodzadeh, Mobina and Jajo, Noor and Balasingam, Balakumar and Strayer, David L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study uses a detection task to measure changes in driver vigilance when operating four different partially automated systems. <br><br>BACKGROUND: Research show temporal declines in detection task performance during manual and fully automated driving, but the accuracy of using this approach for measuring changes in driver vigilance during on-road partially automated driving is yet unproven. <br><br>METHOD: Participants drove four different vehicles (Tesla Model 3, Cadillac CT6, Volvo XC90, and Nissan Rogue) equipped with level-2 systems in manual and partially automated modes. Response times to a detection task were recorded over eight consecutive time periods. <br><br>RESULTS: Bayesian analysis revealed a main effect of time period and an interaction between mode and time period. A main effect of vehicle and a time period x vehicle interaction were also found. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Results indicated that the reduction in detection task performance over time was worse during partially automated driving. Vehicle-specific analysis also revealed that detection task performance changed across vehicles, with slowest response time found for the Volvo. APPLICATION: The greater decline in detection performance found in automated mode suggests that operating level-2 systems incurred in a greater vigilance decrement, a phenomenon that is of interest for Human Factors practitioners and regulators. We also argue that the observed vehicle-related differences are attributable to the unique design of their in-vehicle interfaces.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0018-7208",
doi="10.1177/00187208231189658",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187208231189658"
}