@article{ref1,
title="Role of sex and gender in concussion outcome differences among patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2023",
author="Corrick, Shaina and Lesyk, Nicholas and Yang, Esther and Campbell, Sandra and Villa-Roel, Cristina and Rowe, Brian H.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) guidelines, the prevalence of sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and to summarise sex and/or gender-based differences in ED presentation, management and outcomes. <br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review. <br><br>METHODS: Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that recruited adult patients with concussion from the ED. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, assessed quality and extracted data. A descriptive summary of the evidence was generated, and sex and/or gender reporting was examined for accuracy according to standardised criteria. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 126 studies were included in the analyses. A total of 80 (64%) studies reported sex and/or gender as demographic information, of which 51 (64%) included sex and/or gender in their analysis; however, 2 (3%) studies focused on an SGBA. Sex was more accurately reported in alignment with CIHR definitions than gender (94% vs 12%; p<0.0001). In total, 25 studies used an SGBA for outcomes of interest. Males and females experience different causes of concussion, 60% of studies documented that females had less frequent CT scanning while in the ED, and 57% of studies reported that postconcussion syndrome was more prevalent in females and women. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This systematic review highlighted that sex is reported more accurately than gender, approximately half of studies did not report either sex and/or gender as demographic information, and one-third of studies did not include SGBA. There were important sex and gender differences in the cause, ED presentation, management and outcomes of concussions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021258613.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/ip-2022-044822",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044822"
}