@article{ref1,
title="Screening for anxiety and depression symptoms using concussion symptom scales among varsity athletes",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2023",
author="Roberts, Samantha D. and Champigny, Claire and Feldman, Samantha J. and Flora, David B. and Wojtowicz, Magdalena",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations between Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT-5) symptom reporting and gold-standard measures of anxiety and depression, and explored the utility SCAT-5 symptom subscales to identify anxiety and depression symptomology. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: York University in Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Preseason data were collected for varsity athletes (N = 296) aged between 17 and 25 years (M = 20.01 years, SD = 1.69 years; 52% male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The SCAT-5 symptom evaluation scale was used to assess baseline symptoms. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Index-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. <br><br>RESULTS: Endorsement of SCAT-5 symptoms of feeling anxious, sadness, irritability, and feeling more emotional had the strongest correlations with the GAD-7 (r's > 0.400; P's < 0.001). Sadness, trouble falling asleep, concentration problems, feeling slowed down, anxious, irritability, mental fog, fatigue, and memory problems had the highest correlations with the PHQ-9 (r's >0.400; P's < 0.001). The Emotional subscale from the SCAT-5 predicted mild to severe anxiety on the GAD-7 (P < 0.001). The Sleep, Cognitive, and Emotional subscales predicted mild to severe depression on the PHQ-9 (P's < 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide better delineation of symptoms endorsed on the SCAT-5 symptoms that aid in identification of athletes with symptoms of anxiety or depression who may be at risk for developing a clinical disorder or experiencing persistent symptoms after a concussion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000001181",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001181"
}