@article{ref1,
title="Estimating the relationship between the symptom-free waiting period and injury rates after return-to-play from concussion: a simulation analysis using CARE Consortium data",
journal="Sports medicine",
year="2023",
author="Garcia, Gian-Gabriel P. and Czerniak, Lauren L. and Lavieri, Mariel S. and Liebel, Spencer W. and Van Pelt, Kathryn L. and Pasquina, Paul F. and McAllister, Thomas W. and McCrea, Michael A. and Broglio, Steven P.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: A key component of return-to-play (RTP) from sport-related concussion is the symptom-free waiting period (SFWP), i.e., the period during which athletes must remain symptom-free before permitting RTP. Yet, the exact relationship between SFWP and post-RTP injury rates is unclear. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: We design computational simulations to estimate the relationship between the SFWP and rates of repeat concussion and non-concussion time-loss injury up to 30 days post-RTP for male and female collegiate athletes across 13 sports. <br><br>METHODS: We leverage N = 735 female and N = 1,094 male post-injury trajectories from the National Collegiate Athletic Association-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. <br><br>RESULTS: With a 6-day SFWP, the mean [95% CI] rate of repeat concussion per 1,000 simulations was greatest in ice hockey for females (20.31, [20.16, 20.46]) and American football for males (24.16, [24.05, 24.28]). Non-concussion time-loss injury rates were greatest in field hockey for females (153.66, [152.59, 154.74]) and wrestling for males (247.34, [246.20, 248.48]). Increasing to a 13-day SFWP, ice hockey for females (18.88, [18.79, 18.98]) and American football for males (23.16, [23.09, 24.22]) exhibit the greatest decrease in repeat concussion rates across all sports within their respective sexes. Field hockey for females (143.24, [142.53, 143.94]) and wrestling for males (237.73, [236.67, 237.90]) exhibit the greatest decrease in non-concussion time-loss injury rates. Males receive marginally smaller reductions in injury rates for increased SFWP compared to females (OR = 1.003, p ≤ 0.002). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Longer SFWPs lead to greater reductions in post-RTP injury rates for athletes in higher risk sports. Moreover, SFWPs should be tailored to sport-specific post-RTP injury risks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0112-1642",
doi="10.1007/s40279-023-01901-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01901-5"
}