@article{ref1,
title=""Press F to pay respects": an empirical exploration of the mechanics of gamification in relation to the Christchurch attack",
journal="Terrorism and political violence",
year="2023",
author="Lakhani, Suraj and Wiedlitzka, Susann",
volume="35",
number="7",
pages="1586-1603",
abstract="There has been a long-standing yet largely unreported intersection between video-gaming and violent extremism, spanning across jihadist, far-right, and other types of ideologies. Within this framework, until late, scant attention has been paid to the concept of &quot;gamification&quot;; i.e. the application of gaming and game-design principles within non-gaming environments. This paper contributes to this newly emerging area of study by exploring the theoretical underpinnings of gamification and applying these principles to a prominent empirical example: the Christchurch attack in New Zealand in 2019. With a particular focus on the (&quot;setup,&quot; &quot;rule,&quot; and &quot;progression&quot;) &quot;mechanics&quot; of gamification, this article explores two aspects. The first considers how the assailant (intentionally or otherwise) designed and constructed the game; undertaken through an empirical analysis of their manifesto, live-stream video, and original post on the imageboard 8chan (or Infinite Chan). This will be complimented by the second aspect which explores how the game was, in turn, &quot;gamified&quot; through audience reaction to and interaction on the original 8chan post. The article concludes by discussing whether the gamification of the Christchurch attack serves as a framework for future attacks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-6553",
doi="10.1080/09546553.2022.2064746",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2022.2064746"
}