@article{ref1,
title="Vehicle stops and group position: how Missouri agencies use place and race to explain disparities",
journal="Journal of contemporary criminal justice",
year="2022",
author="Craig, Miltonette O. and Reid, Jonathan C. and Kramer, Kelsey L.",
volume="38",
number="4",
pages="411-431",
abstract="Missouri has been a part of the national discussion on racial profiling for several years--most recently with the NAACP's issuance of a statewide travel advisory warning Black motorists of high disproportionality in vehicle stops. In their annual reports of stop data, agencies can submit a response to explain their numerical data. This study inductively analyzes the content of these written responses (N = 806), which were submitted between 2001 and 2019. <br><br>FINDINGS indicate that agency responses contain rationales in accordance with a sense of group position, with explanations for stops, searches, and arrests of motorists of color framed in terms of outsiders as a problematic influx upon insider spaces. The responses also show that the explanations are more about policing place than a legitimate effort at maintaining safety of the jurisdiction. The results of this study have several important implications for research, theory, and policy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1043-9862",
doi="10.1177/10439862221110996",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10439862221110996"
}