@article{ref1,
title="Association of interleukin-6 with suicidal ideation in veterans: a longitudinal perspective",
journal="Frontiers in psychiatry",
year="2023",
author="Sun, Shengnan and Wilson, Caroline M. and Alter, Sharon and Ge, Yongchao and Hazlett, Erin A. and Goodman, Marianne and Yehuda, Rachel and Galfalvy, Hanga and Haghighi, Fatemeh",
volume="14",
number="",
pages="e1231031-e1231031",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Studies showing associations between inflammation in suicide are typically cross-sectional. Present study investigated how cytokine levels track with suicidal ideation and severity longitudinally. <br><br>METHODS: Veterans with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) with or without suicide attempt history (MDD/SA n = 38, MDD/NS n = 41) and non-psychiatric non-attempter controls (HC n = 33) were recruited, MDD/SA and HC groups were followed longitudinally at 3 months and 6 months. Blood plasma was collected and processed using Luminex Immunology Multiplex technology. <br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences in depression severity (BDI) and suicidal ideation severity (SSI) were observed across all groups at study entry, wherein MDD/SA group had the highest scores followed by MDD/NS and HC, respectively. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were examined at study entry and longitudinally, with IL6 levels differing significantly across the groups (p = 0.0123) at study entry. Significant differences in changes in cytokine levels between depressed attempters and the control group were detected for IL-6 (interaction F(1,91.77) = 5.58, p = 0.0203) and TNF-α (F(1,101.73) = 4.69, p = 0.0327). However, only depressed attempters showed a significant change, in IL-6 and TNF-α levels, decreasing over time [IL-6: b = -0.04, 95% CI = (-0.08, -0.01), p = 0.0245 and TNF-α: b = -0.02, 95% CI = (-0.04, -0.01), p = 0.0196]. Although IL-6 levels were not predictive of suicidal ideation presence [OR = 1.34, 95% CI = (0.77, 2.33), p = 0.3067], IL-6 levels were significantly associated with suicidal ideation severity (b = 0.19, p = 0.0422). <br><br>DISCUSSION: IL-6 was not associated with presence of suicidal ideation. IL-6 however, was associated with severity of ideation, suggesting that IL-6 may be useful in clinical practice, as an objective marker of heightened suicide risk.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1664-0640",
doi="10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231031",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231031"
}