@article{ref1,
title="Neurobehavioral symptoms in veterans with deployment-related TBI: examining the additional impact of pre- and post-deployment TBIs",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2023",
author="Ozturk, Erin and Yim, Jaelynn and Chanfreau-Coffinier, Catherine and Merritt, Victoria",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: We utilized a large sample of Veterans who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) during deployment to evaluate the additional impact of pre- and post-deployment TBI's on neurobehavioral symptoms. <br><br>METHOD: Participants included 9934 Veterans (90.9% male; age: M = 34.5) diagnosed with TBI during the Veterans Health Administration's Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation (CTBIE), a clinician-administered interview that includes an assessment of pre-, during-, and post-deployment TBI. The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) is administered as part of the CTBIE, from which five subscale scores were evaluated: vestibular, somatic/sensory, cognitive, affective symptoms, and symptom interference. Chi-square tests evaluated the relationship between TBI group (&quot;TBI during deployment only&quot; [n = 6886]; &quot;pre-deployment TBI&quot; [n = 1835]; &quot;post-deployment TBI&quot; [n = 775]; &quot;both pre/post-deployment TBI&quot; [n = 438]) and NSI subscale scores (dichotomized into high vs. low symptoms). <br><br>RESULTS: There was a significant association between TBI status and all five symptom scores (p's ≤ 0.001; V = 0.04-0.06). The &quot;post-deployment TBI&quot; group endorsed the highest rates of symptoms across all NSI scores except vestibular. Pairwise comparisons showed that the &quot;post-deployment TBI&quot; and &quot;both pre/post-deployment TBI&quot; groups endorsed comparable rates of symptoms, while both groups generally endorsed higher rates of symptoms compared to the &quot;pre-deployment TBI&quot; and &quot;TBI during deployment only&quot; groups. Finally, rates of symptoms among these latter groups (pre-deployment and during deployment) did not differ from each other. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that post-deployment TBI's have a greater impact on symptom endorsement than pre-deployment TBI's. <br><br>FINDINGS highlight the importance of evaluating both number and timing of TBI's and the value of providing psychoeducation around brain health to this population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acad067.174",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acad067.174"
}