@article{ref1,
title="Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18-45 years in India - a multicentric matched case-control study",
journal="Indian journal of medical research",
year="2023",
author="Ponnaiah, Manickam and Bhatnagar, Tarun and Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankachi and Elumalai, Rajalakshmi and Surya, Janani and Jeyashree, Kathiresan and Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh and Govindaraju, Ranjithkumar and Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian and Aggarwal, Hari Krishan and Balan, Suresh and Baruah, Tridip Dutta and Basu, Ayan and Bavaskar, Yogita and Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh and Bhalla, Ashish and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhat, Rachana and Chakravarty, Jaya and Chandy, Gina Maryann and Gupta, Bal Kishan and Kakkar, Rakesh and Karnam, Ali Hasan Faiz and Kataria, Sushila and Khambholja, Janakkumar and Kumar, Dewesh and Kumar, Nithin and Lyngdoh, Monaliza and Meena, M. Selva and Mehta, Kedar and Sheethal, M. P. and Mukherjee, Subhasis and Mundra, Anuj and Murugan, Arun and Narayanan, Seetharaman and Nathan, Balamurugan and Ojah, Jutika and Patil, Pushpa and Pawar, Sunita and Ruban, A. Charles Pon and Vadivelu, R. and Rana, Rishabh Kumar and Boopathy, S. Nagendra and Priya, S. and Sahoo, Saroj Kumar and Shah, Arti and Shameem, Mohamma and Shanmugam, Karthikeyan and Shivnitwar, Sachin K. and Singhai, Abhishek and Srivastava, Saurabh and Sulgante, Sudheera and Talukdar, Arunansu and Verma, Alka and Vohra, Rajaat and Wani, Rabbanie Tariq and Bathula, Bhargavi and Kumari, Gayathri and Kumar, Divya Saravana and Narasimhan, Aishwariya and Krupa, N. C. and Senguttuvan, Thirumaran and Surendran, Parvathi and Tamilmani, Dharsikaa and Turuk, Alka and Kumar, Gunjan and Murkherjee, Aparna and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Murhekar, Manoj Vasant",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: In view of anecdotal reports of sudden unexplained deaths in India's apparently healthy young adults, linking to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, we determined the factors associated with such deaths in individuals aged 18-45 years through a multicentric matched case-control study. <br><br>METHODS: This study was conducted through participation of 47 tertiary care hospitals across India. Cases were apparently healthy individuals aged 18-45 years without any known co-morbidity, who suddenly (<24 h of hospitalization or seen apparently healthy 24 h before death) died of unexplained causes during 1st October 2021-31st March 2023. Four controls were included per case matched for age, gender and neighborhood. We interviewed/perused records to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination/infection and post-COVID-19 conditions, family history of sudden death, smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol frequency and binge drinking and vigorous-intensity physical activity two days before death/interviews. We developed regression models considering COVID-19 vaccination ≤42 days before outcome, any vaccine received anytime and vaccine doses to compute an adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR) with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI). <br><br>RESULTS: Seven hundred twenty nine cases and 2916 controls were included in the analysis. Receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine lowered the odds [aOR (95% CI)] for unexplained sudden death [0.58 (0.37, 0.92)], whereas past COVID-19 hospitalization [3.8 (1.36, 10.61)], family history of sudden death [2.53 (1.52, 4.21)], binge drinking 48 h before death/interview [5.29 (2.57, 10.89)], use of recreational drug/substance [2.92 (1.1, 7.71)] and performing vigorous-intensity physical activity 48 h before death/interview [3.7 (1.36, 10.05)] were positively associated. Two doses lowered the odds of unexplained sudden death [0.51 (0.28, 0.91)], whereas single dose did not. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination did not increase the risk of unexplained sudden death among young adults in India. Past COVID-19 hospitalization, family history of sudden death and certain lifestyle behaviors increased the likelihood of unexplained sudden death.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0971-5916",
doi="10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2105_23",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2105_23"
}