@article{ref1,
title="Temporal and spatial shifts in gun violence, before and after a historic police killing in Minneapolis",
journal="Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology",
year="2023",
author="Larson, Ryan P. and Santaularia, N. Jeanie and Uggen, Christopher",
volume="47",
number="",
pages="e100602-e100602",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the police murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, MN on firearm violence, and examine the spatial and social heterogeneity of the effect. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed a uniquely constructed panel dataset of Minneapolis Zip Code Tabulation Areas from 2016-2020 (n = 5742), consisting of Minnesota Hospital Association, Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Public Schools, Census Bureau, and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources data. Interrupted time-series and random effects panel models were used to model the spatiotemporal effects of police killing event on the rate of firearm assault injuries. <br><br>RESULTS: Findings reveal a rising and falling temporal pattern post-killing and a spatial pattern in which disadvantaged, historically Black communities near earlier sites of protest against police violence experienced the brunt of the post-killing increase in firearm assault injury. These effects remain after adjusting for changes in police activity and pandemic-related restrictions, indicating that rising violence was not a simple byproduct of changes in police behavior or COVID-19 response. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the increases in firearm violence as a result of police violence are disproportionately borne by underserved communities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1877-5845",
doi="10.1016/j.sste.2023.100602",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2023.100602"
}