@article{ref1,
title="Computer vision-based assessment of cyclist-tram track interactions for predictive modeling of crossing success",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2023",
author="Gildea, Kevin and Hall, Daniel and Mercadal-Baudart, Clara and Caulfield, Brian and Simms, Ciaran",
volume="87",
number="",
pages="202-216",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Single Bicycle Brashes (SBCs) are common, and underreported in official statistics. In urban environments, light rail tram tracks are a frequent factor, however, they have not yet been the subject of engineering analysis. <br><br>METHOD: This study employs video-based analysis at nine Dublin city centre locations and introduces a predictive model for crossing success on tram tracks, utilising cyclist crossing angles within a Surrogate Measure of Safety (SMoS) framework. Additionally, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were explored for automatic estimation of crossing angles. <br><br>RESULTS: Modelling results indicate that cyclist crossing angle is a strong predictor of crossing success, and that cyclist velocity is not. <br><br>FINDINGS also highlight the prevalence of external factors which limit crossing angles for cyclists. In particular, kerbs are a common factor, along with passing/approaching vehicles or other cyclists. Furthermore, results indicate that further training on a relatively small sample of 100 domain-specific examples can achieve substantial accuracy improvements for cyclist detection (from 0.31AP(0.5) to 0.98AP(0.5)) and crossing angle inference from traffic camera footage. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Ensuring safe crossing angles is important for cyclist safety around tram tracks. Infrastructural planners should aim for intuitive, self-explainable road layouts that allow for and encourage crossing angles of 60° or more - ideally 90°.   PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The SMoS framework and the open-source SafeCross(1) application offer actionable insights and tools for enhancing cyclist safety around tram tracks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.017"
}