@article{ref1,
title="Distribution and extent of involvement in brachial plexopathies caused by gunshot wounds, motor vehicle crashes, and other etiologies: a 10-year electromyography study",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2004",
author="Bowles, Amy O. and Graves, D. E. and Chiou-Tan, Faye Y.",
volume="85",
number="10",
pages="1708-1710",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine the differences in the extent and distribution of brachial plexopathy involvement caused by gunshot wounds (GSW), motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), and other etiologies, based on electrophysiologic data. DESIGN: Retrospective review of electrophysiologic data from 1993 to 2002. SETTING: A large urban county hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Sequential patients (N=109) with the diagnosis of brachial plexopathy established by electromyography testing. This included 35 patients with GSW, 25 involved in an MVC, and 49 with other etiologies. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.Main Outcome Measures The brachial plexus was divided into 9 regions: upper, middle, and lower root; upper, middle, and lower trunks; and lateral, posterior, and medial cords. Regions involved by needle study on electromyography were denoted as positive or negative. The total number of regions involved was also recorded. RESULTS: Injury was most common in the trunks (52%), cords (36%), and roots (12%) (Pearson chi(2), P&lt;.000). Specifically, the &quot;other&quot; category had the greatest number of injuries to the trunks (54%) (Pearson chi(2), P&lt;.000), whereas the trunks (46%) and cords (45%) were more evenly affected in GSW cases (Pearson chi(2), P=.585). In the MVC group, there was a trend toward more trunks (56%) being affected (Pearson chi(2), P=.076). CONCLUSIONS: Differences were noted in the distribution of injury when examining subtypes of traumatic brachial plexopathies.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}