@article{ref1,
title="Modeling non-structural strategies to reduce pedestrian evacuation times for mitigating local tsunami threats in Guam",
journal="International journal of disaster risk reduction",
year="2023",
author="Wood, Nathan and Peters, Jeff and Cheung, Kwok Fai and Yamazaki, Yoshiki and Calvo, Denille and Guard, Charles",
volume="95",
number="",
pages="e103859-e103859",
abstract="Reducing the potential for loss of life from local tsunamis is challenging for emergency managers given the need for self-protective behavior of at-risk individuals within brief windows of time to evacuate. There has been considerable attention paid to discussing the use of tsunami vertical-evacuation structures for areas where there may be insufficient time to evacuate. This strategy may not be feasible or needed for at-risk populations in island communities for multiple reasons. We examine the influence of three non-structural interventions (reducing departure delays, increasing travel speeds, and managing vegetation to create new paths) that may improve the evacuation potential for at-risk individuals in island communities and use the United States territory of Guam as our case study. We model pedestrian travel times out of a modeled inundation zone for a local tsunami generated by a Mw 8.3 earthquake within the Mariana subduction zone. Evacuation-modeling results indicate that reducing departure delays has a larger impact than increasing travel speeds or creating evacuation corridors through heavy brush on reducing the number of at-risk individuals with insufficient time to evacuate. Travel times to safety are less than wave-arrival times for almost all at-risk individuals in the tsunami-hazard zone if one assumes all three interventions are implemented.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2212-4209",
doi="10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103859",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103859"
}