@article{ref1,
title="Changing the mindsets? Education and the intergenerational spread of tolerance for physical violence against women in Zimbabwe",
journal="Economics and human biology",
year="2023",
author="Makate, Marshall and Nyamuranga, Chamunorwa",
volume="52",
number="",
pages="e101345-e101345",
abstract="We investigate the relationship between childhood exposure to interparental violence and adult tolerance for violent beliefs against women. For individuals who have witnessed parental violence in childhood, our analysis suggests a 14.3-15.2 percentage point (pp) increase in tolerance, highlighting the transmission of violent beliefs across generations. Leveraging Zimbabwe's 1980 education reform as a natural experiment through a regression discontinuity design, we explore the potential of increased education to disrupt this intergenerational transmission. The reform led to an approximately two-year increase in female education, with a more pronounced impact in rural areas. This educational boost is associated with an estimated 4.1-7.9 pp reduction in tolerance for violence, especially among those who witnessed parental violence in childhood. We identify four primary mechanisms contributing to this reduction in tolerance: enhanced access to information, increased help-seeking behaviours, improved labour market outcomes, and higher educational levels among partners. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of educational policies in reducing tolerance for violence against women within low-income contexts such as Zimbabwe, thereby disrupting its intergenerational transmission. Moreover, these results emphasise the potential of education-based interventions in addressing the broader issue of violence against women in low-income countries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1570-677X",
doi="10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101345",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101345"
}