@article{ref1,
title="Understanding comorbidity between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of adolescents: a network analysis",
journal="Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment",
year="2024",
author="Niu, Shan and Yin, Xiaoxiao and Pan, Bing and Chen, Haotian and Dai, Chunxiao and Tong, Chunnan and Chen, Fang and Feng, Xiuqin",
volume="20",
number="",
pages="1-17",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and depression often co-occur among adolescents with more severe clinical symptoms. This study examined the network structures of NSSI and depressive symptoms in adolescents. <br><br>METHODS: Participants were recruited in the psychiatric outpatient clinics of three tertiary hospitals between April 10 and July 10, 2023. All participants been already found with self-injury behaviors in outpatient when enrolled. NSSI diagnostic criteria and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to collect NSSI and depressive symptoms separately. We performed a network analysis to visualize the correlation between each symptom and to identify core and bridging symptoms in comorbidities. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 248 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 15.48 (SD = 1.62). Based on the PHQ-9 scores and grades, our results showed that the incidence of depression in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior was relatively high (N=235, 94.76%), with the majority having severe depression. The network analysis revealed that nodes D-6 &quot;feeling bad, failing or letting yourself or your family down&quot;, D-1 &quot;little interest or pleasure&quot; and D-4 &quot;feeling tired&quot; were the most vital and most central symptoms. The most crucial bridging symptom is the node NSSI-8 &quot;frequent thinking about self-injury&quot;, which connects the NSSI to the depression comorbid network. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study offers a significant symptom-level conceptualization of the association between NSSI and depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of adolescents, which not only enhances our understanding of the comorbid but also identifies potential treatment targets to prevent and treat comorbidity between adolescent NSSI and depression.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1176-6328",
doi="10.2147/NDT.S443454",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S443454"
}