@article{ref1,
title="Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of snake bite: a systematic review",
journal="Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)",
year="2024",
author="Pandit, Kamal and Rawal, Aastha and Maskey, Himang Man Singh and Nepal, Gaurav",
volume="86",
number="1",
pages="392-400",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Snakebites, a major health concern in developing countries, affect rural farming communities. Venom, primarily neurotoxin, injected during a snake bite disrupts the nervous system, causing symptoms like muscle weakness, paralysis, altered sensation, and coordination issues. This review focuses on evaluating neurological and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations associated with snakebites. <br><br>METHODS: A database search was conducted in EMBASE and PubMed for studies published from 2000 to 2023. The investigation centered on examining neurological and neuro-ophthalmological symptoms and signs, treatment approaches, treatment outcomes, and long-term complications of snake bites. <br><br>RESULTS: Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological symptoms were common in both neurotoxic and hemotoxic snake bites, especially in neurotoxic cases. Ptosis was a prevalent manifestation across various snake bites, along with respiratory paralysis, limb weakness, dysphasia, and visual disturbances in some instances. However, most patients improved without residual neurological symptoms after treatment. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Understanding patterns of neurological manifestations contributes valuable insights for the comprehensive management of snakebite.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2049-0801",
doi="10.1097/MS9.0000000000001523",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000001523"
}