@article{ref1,
title="Penile strangulation: analysis of postextrication follow-up, sequelae, and a review of literature",
journal="American journal of men's health",
year="2024",
author="Campbell, Kevin J. and Kwenda, Elizabeth P. and Bozorgmehri, Shahab and Terry, Russell S. and Yeung, Lawrence L.",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e15579883231223366-e15579883231223366",
abstract="Numerous case reports exist on penile strangulation injuries and extrication methods; however, the care and long-term consequences of penile strangulation injuries have been under-reported. Our aim is to investigate the long-term outcomes and sequalae following penile strangulation injuries. The PubMed Medline database was searched using the keyword string &quot;penile strangulation,&quot; &quot;penis strangulation,&quot; and &quot;constriction&quot; for all studies reporting outcomes of published penile strangulation injuries. Articles were evaluated for follow-up after strangulation injury, strangulating agent, extricating agent, and sequelae of injury. Fifty-six studies resulted with reports of 100 cases of penile strangulation and extrication from January 2000 to December 2019. The mean patient age was 41 (range: 3-86) years. Twenty-four (24/100) cases reported sequalae following extrication. Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 7 years with median follow-up time in the 7- to 12-month grouping. Metal rings comprised 36% (36/100) of strangulation agents and 50% of reported incidents were attributed to sexual activity. To our knowledge, this is the only study focusing on long-term outcomes after penile strangulation. This review provides a summary of 56 studies that document penile strangulation injuries over the last 20 years. Although a wide array of penile strangulation injuries have been documented in the literature, reports lack secondary management and long-term outcomes after removal of the strangulation device. We recommend that providers report long-term penile strangulation outcomes for future urologic evaluations after extrication.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1557-9883",
doi="10.1177/15579883231223366",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883231223366"
}