@article{ref1,
title="Access to athletic trainers and sex as modifiers of time to reach clinical milestones after sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2024",
author="Walton, Samuel R. and Kelshaw, Patricia M. and Munce, Thayne A. and Beidler, Erica and Bowman, Thomas G. and Oldham, Jessie R. and Wilmoth, Kristin and Broshek, Donna K. and Rosenblum, Daniel J. and Cifu, David X. and Resch, Jacob E.",
volume="",
number="",
pages="1-8",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether an athlete's biological sex and exposure to a dedicated athletic trainer (AT) were related to clinical milestones after a sports-related concussion (SRC). <br><br>DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. <br><br>METHODS: Medical charts of collegiate athletes (n = 196 [70.9% female]) diagnosed with SRC were reviewed to extract: biological sex, dedicated AT exposure for their sport (yes/no), and time (days) to reaching clinical milestones (diagnosis, symptom resolution, unrestricted return to sport [RTS]). Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine whether time to clinical milestones differed by sex, AT exposure, or their interaction. Proportions of same-day diagnoses and times to diagnosis, symptom resolution, and unrestricted RTS were evaluated with chi-squared and spearman's rank correlations, respectively. <br><br>RESULTS: There were no significant differences in times to reaching any clinical milestone by sex, AT exposure, or their interaction (ps > 0.05). Forty-three percent of participants were diagnosed on the day of their SRC. This did not differ by sex or AT exposure (ps > 0.29). Longer times to SRC diagnosis were associated with more days to symptom resolution (ρ = 0.236, p = 0.001) and unrestricted RTS (ρ = 0.223, p < 0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Athlete sex and AT exposure were not associated with times to reach any clinical milestone; however, delayed diagnosis was associated with longer times to reach clinical recovery.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2024.2310787",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2024.2310787"
}