@article{ref1,
title="The burden attributable to risk factors in Mexico, 1990-2021Z: summary of the findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study",
journal="Gaceta Medica de Mexico",
year="2023",
author="Razo, Christian and Morales-Juárez, Linda and Cagney, Jack and Ríos-Blancas, María Jesús and Montoya, Alejandra",
volume="159",
number="6",
pages="523-531",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Over the past decades, Mexico's health landscape has shifted from infectious to non-communicable diseases and violence, mirroring lifestyle, urbanization, and developmental changes. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of risk factors on health in Mexico from 1990 to 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study estimates, we describe risk factor-related mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Mexico (1990-2021) by age, sex, and state of the country. <br><br>RESULTS: In 2021, risk factors led to 14.9 (12.9-16.7) million DALYs, which accounted for 32.4% of Mexico's burden. Metabolic risks, with 19.8% (17.0-21.9%), were the main contributors. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate associated with metabolic risks increased by 6.5%, while behavioral and environmental risks decreased by more than 50%, with marked variations between states. The predominant risk factors shifted from malnutrition and unsafe water and sanitation in 1990 to high glucose and body mass index in 2021. Malnutrition-related risks have the highest impact on health loss in children younger than 5 years. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Mexico faces a dual health challenge: childhood malnutrition persists, and adult metabolic risks are on the rise, particularly in less developed states, with targeted interventions for traditional and emerging health threats being required.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0016-3813",
doi="10.24875/GMM.M24000841",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M24000841"
}