@article{ref1,
title="Higher neck pain intensity and pain catastrophizing soon after a whiplash injury partially explain the presence of persistent headache: a prospective study",
journal="Clinical journal of pain",
year="2024",
author="Anarte-Lazo, Ernesto and Falla, Deborah and Rodriguez-Blanco, Cleofás and Bernal-Utrera, Carlos",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To understand whether pain-related factors soon after a whiplash injury can explain the presence of chronic headache. <br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study with a follow-up of 6 months was performed including 42 patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders. Neck pain intensity, the Neck Disability Index, the Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Anxiety State-Trait Scale were assessed at baseline. Differences in clinical characteristics between those with and without headache at 6 months were determined. The relative risk of presenting with headache was evaluated. A logistic regression model was performed to assess which factors at baseline could explain the presence of headache at 6 months. <br><br>RESULTS: At 6 months, 1/3 of the sample presented with chronic headache. Significant differences were found for several outcome measures when people with and without headache were compared (P<0.001). The highest relative risk of presenting with headache was found for moderate/severe levels of pain catastrophizing during the acute phase (RR=15.00, 95%CI=3.93, 57.22). The level of neck pain intensity and pain catastrophizing at baseline partially explained the presence of headache at 6 months (R2=0.627). <br><br>DISCUSSION: The risk of presenting with persistent headache attributed to a whiplash injury is increased when people present with higher neck pain intensity and pain catastrophizing soon after a whiplash injury. Evaluating neck pain intensity and pain catastrophizing at baseline may assist in identifying those more likely to develop chronic headache, potentially providing an opportunity for early targeted interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-8047",
doi="10.1097/AJP.0000000000001209",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000001209"
}