@article{ref1,
title="Orbital fractures treated in a university hospital of southern Italy: epidemiology, outcomes and prognostic factors resulting from 538 retrospectively analyzed cases",
journal="Oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="2024",
author="Colangeli, Walter and Ferragina, Francesco and Kallaverja, Elvis and Celano, Chiara and Cristofaro, Maria Giulia",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Orbital fractures are common injuries and represent an interesting chapter in maxillofacial surgery. This retrospective study analyses data collected from 528 patients surgically treated at the University Hospital &quot;Magna Graecia&quot;, Catanzaro, Italy, from 1st January 2007 to 31st January 2021. <br><br>METHODS: The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of orbital bone fracture, complete clinical and radiological records, and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. We analyzed gender, age, etiology, fracture type, treatment, timing of repair, and associated complications. <br><br>RESULTS: The most frequent cause of trauma was road accidents (37.88%), followed by domestic accidents (25.95%). The manifestation of diplopia (72.35%), infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia (53.41%), extrinsic eye movement limitation (51.70%), and enophthalmos (41.29%), determined the indication for surgery. Our trauma team preferred the sub-eyelid approach (79.36%). The study shows a statistical significance in the correlation between the severity of the herniation of the lower rectus muscle and the presence of preoperative diplopia (p-value = 0.00416); We found the same statistical significance for the post-postoperative diplopia (p-value = 0.00385). Patients treated two weeks after the trauma show a higher rate of diplopia and a greater limitation of long-term post-operative eye movements than those treated within two weeks (diplopia 23.08% vs. 15.56%; eye movements limitation 13.33% vs. 7.69%). Early surgical treatment (> 14 days) reduces the likelihood of functional and structural damage to the lower rectus muscle. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data will support future maxillofacial traumatology studies, and the education and prevention measures taken will reduce the incidence of orbital trauma.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1865-1550",
doi="10.1007/s10006-024-01236-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10006-024-01236-z"
}