@article{ref1,
title="Barriers: location, functionality, and method of access  in childhood pool/spa submersion incidents,",
journal="International journal of aquatic research and education",
year="2024",
author="Miller, Alison and Anderson, Kristina and Ramos, William",
volume="14",
number="3",
pages="e4-e4",
abstract="Drowning is a leading cause of fatality among children in the United States, and residential pools/spas currently account for as much as 80% of these submersion incidents. This study reviewed narrative case reports obtained from the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to understand barrier location, type, and functionality as methods of pool/spa access for childhood submersion incidents. Retroactive analysis of 1,523 fatal and non-fatal submersion incidents among children aged 13 years old and younger was conducted using the CPSC in depth investigation dataset from 2000-2017. Narrative descriptions were coded according to the attributes of barrier location, functionality, and method of access; to our knowledge, these characteristics of barriers have not been previously investigated to this depth. Outcomes indicate that consumer education campaigns should target households with swimming pools/spas and reiterate key findings that (1) submersion incidents occur even when barriers are present and (2) the importance of multiple layers of protection against unauthorized pool/spa access. Additionally, improved documentation of barriers is imperative to better understand and prevent drowning among children.   Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/vol14/iss3/4<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-9997",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}