@article{ref1,
title="Visibility under night driving conditions - 2. field measurements using disc obstacles and a pedestrian dummy",
journal="Australian road research",
year="1976",
author="Hills, B. L.",
volume="6",
number="3",
pages="48-55",
abstract="The visibilities of a pedestrian dummy and disc objects of varying size and contrast were measured under dynamic night driving conditions on an unlit open road and in a road lighting situation for which the average pavement luminance was 0. 8 cd/m**2. The visibilities of the objects could largely be described by a standard luminous increment-visual area characteristic. Under road lighting conditions, negative contrasts (silhouette vision) were found to give slightly greater visibilities than positive contrasts. It was found that a contrast multiplier of 4 was required in applying laboratory 50 percent probability of detection thresholds to a 'just visible' criterion level of visibility in the field experiments, though in practical conditions contrast multipliers as large as 30 may be required.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0005-0164",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}