@article{ref1,
title="Pipeline stress analysis",
journal="Transportation engineering journal of the American Society of Civil Engineers",
year="1975",
author="Azar, JJ and Bomba, JG and Randolph, VG",
volume="101",
number="1",
pages="163-170",
abstract="The finite element displacement method in conjunction with the left double quote incremental piece-wise linear procedure right double quote is used to predict marine pipeline stresses and its geometrically nonlinear displacements. The developed computer mathematical model allows easy evaluation of the effects of various externally applied loadings (valves, buoys, pigs, barge tension,etc. ) combined with the various stinger geometry configurations on the pipe structural behavior. The ocean depth and the pipe dimensions place no restrictions on the model operation. Example problems are solved and results compared with available data.   Keywords: Pipeline transportation  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0569-7891",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}