@article{ref1,
title="Workflow to facilitate the detection of new psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse in influent urban wastewater",
journal="Journal of hazardous materials",
year="2024",
author="Bade, Richard and van Herwerden, Denice and Rousis, Nikolaos and Adhikari, Sangeet and Allen, Darren and Baduel, Christine and Bijlsma, Lubertus and Boogaerts, Tim and Burgard, Dan and Chappell, Andrew and Driver, Erin M. and Sodré, Fernando Fabriz and Fatta-Kassinos, Despo and Gracia-Lor, Emma and Gracia-Marín, Elisa and Halden, Rolf U. and Heath, Ester and Jaunay, Emma and Krotulski, Alex and Lai, Foon Yin and Löve, Arndís Sue Ching and O'Brien, Jake W. and Oh, Jeong-Eun and Pasin, Daniel and Castro, Marco Pineda and Psichoudaki, Magda and Salgueiro-González, Noelia and Gomes, Cezar Silvino and Subedi, Bikram and Thomas, Kevin V. and Thomaidis, Nikolaos and Wang, Degao and Yargeau, Viviane and Samanipour, Saer and Mueller, Jochen",
volume="469",
number="",
pages="e133955-e133955",
abstract="The complexity around the dynamic markets for new psychoactive substances (NPS) forces researchers to develop and apply innovative analytical strategies to detect and identify them in influent urban wastewater. In this work a comprehensive suspect screening workflow following liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry analysis was established utilising the open-source InSpectra data processing platform and the HighResNPS library. In total, 278 urban influent wastewater samples from 47 sites in 16 countries were collected to investigate the presence of NPS and other drugs of abuse. A total of 50 compounds were detected in samples from at least one site. Most compounds found were prescription drugs such as gabapentin (detection frequency 79%), codeine (40%) and pregabalin (15%). However, cocaine was the most found illicit drug (83%), in all countries where samples were collected apart from the Republic of Korea and China. Eight NPS were also identified with this protocol: 3-methylmethcathinone 11%), eutylone (6%), etizolam (2%), 3-chloromethcathinone (4%), mitragynine (6%), phenibut (2%), 25I-NBOH (2%) and trimethoxyamphetamine (2%). The latter three have not previously been reported in municipal wastewater samples. The workflow employed allowed the prioritisation of features to be further investigated, reducing processing time and gaining in confidence in their identification.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0304-3894",
doi="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133955",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133955"
}