@article{ref1,
title="American tertiary clinic-referred bipolar II disorder versus bipolar I disorder associated with hastened depressive recurrence",
journal="International journal of bipolar disorders",
year="2017",
author="Dell'Osso, B. and Shah, S. and Do, D. and Yuen, L.D. and Hooshmand, F. and Wang, P.W. and Miller, S. and Ketter, T.A.",
volume="5",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, frequently comorbid condition characterized by high rates of mood episode recurrence and suicidality. Little is known about prospective longitudinal characterization of BD type II (BD II) versus type I (BD I) in relation to time to depressive recurrence and recovery from major depressive episode. We therefore assessed times to depressive recurrence/recovery in tertiary clinic-referred BD II versus I patients. <br><br>METHODS: Outpatients referred to Stanford BD Clinic during 2000-2011 were assessed with Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for BD (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation and with Clinical Monitoring Form during up to 2 years of naturalistic treatment. Prevalence and clinical correlates of bipolar subtype in recovered (euthymic ≥8 weeks) and depressed patients were assessed. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed the relationships between bipolar subtype and longitudinal depressive severity, and Cox proportional hazard analyses assessed the potential mediators. <br><br>RESULTS: BD II versus BD I was less common among 105 recovered (39.0 vs. 61.0%, p = 0.03) and more common among 153 depressed (61.4 vs. 38.6%, p = 0.006) patients. Among recovered patients, BD II was associated with 6/25 (24.0%) baseline unfavorable illness characteristics/mood symptoms/psychotropics and hastened depressive recurrence (p = 0.015). Among depressed patients, BD II was associated with 8/25 (33.0%) baseline unfavorable illness characteristics/mood symptoms/psychotropics, but only non-significantly associated with delayed depressive recovery. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: BD II versus BD I was significantly associated with current depression and hastened depressive recurrence, but only non-significantly associated with delayed depressive recovery. Research on bipolar subtype relationships with depressive recurrence/recovery is warranted to enhance clinical management of BD patients. © 2017, The Author(s).<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2194-7511",
doi="10.1186/s40345-017-0072-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40345-017-0072-x"
}