@article{ref1,
title="Landslides, Forest Fires, and Earthquakes: Examples of Self-Organized Critical Behavior",
journal="Physica A: statistical mechanics and its applications",
year="2004",
author="Turcotte, Donald L. and Malamud, Bruce D.",
volume="340",
number="4",
pages="580-589",
abstract="Per Bak conceived self-organized criticality as an explanation for the behavior of the sandpile model. Subsequently, many cellular automata models were found to exhibit similar behavior. Two examples are the forest-fire and slider-block models. Each of these models can be associated with a serious natural hazard: the sandpile model with landslides, the forest-fire model with actual forest fires, and the slider-block model with earthquakes. We examine the noncumulative frequency-area statistics for each natural hazard, and show that each has a robust power-law (fractal) distribution. We propose an inverse-cascade model as a general explanation for the power-law frequency-area statistics of the three cellular-automata models and their 'associated' natural hazards.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0378-4371",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}