@article{ref1,
title="Vulnerability of Hampton Roads, Virginia to Storm-Surge Flooding and Sea-Level Rise",
journal="Natural hazards",
year="2007",
author="Kleinosky, LR and Yarnal, B. and Fisher, A.",
volume="40",
number="1",
pages="43-70",
abstract="Sea-level rise will increase the area covered by hurricane storm surges in coastal zones. This research assesses how patterns of vulnerability to storm-surge flooding could change in Hampton Roads, Virginia as a result of sea-level rise. Physical exposure to storm-surge flooding is mapped for all categories of hurricane, both for present sea level and for future sea-level rise. The locations of vulnerable sub-populations are determined through an analysis and mapping of socioeconomic characteristics commonly associated with vulnerability to environmental hazards and are compared to the flood-risk exposure zones. Scenarios are also developed that address uncertainties regarding future population growth and distribution. The results show that hurricane storm surge presents a significant hazard to Hampton Roads today, especially to the most vulnerable inhabitants of the region. In addition, future sea-level rise, population growth, and poorly planned development will increase the risk of storm-surge flooding, especially for vulnerable people, thus suggesting that planning should steer development away from low-lying coastal and near-coastal zones.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0921-030X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}