@article{ref1,
title="Brain Kinematics in Physical Model Tests With Translational and Rotational Acceleration",
journal="International journal of crashworthiness",
year="1997",
author="Viano, David C. and Aldman, B. and Pape, K and van Hoof, J. and von Holst, Hans",
volume="2",
number="2",
pages="191-206",
abstract="Brain responses in closed-head impact were simulated in a physical model of the parasagittal section. During head impact, high-speed movies filmed motion of grid-points in the transparent silicone brain gel that is separated from the skull by a thin liquid layer representing the CSF. Gel displacement and Green-Lagrange strain were calculated from digitised films. For 10,200 r/s (sup)2 angular acceleration, gel displacement and slip along the skull boundary were +/-15 mm near the perimeter. Tensile strain reached 40-70% near the base of the skull, and shear strain was 40-50% in the frontal and occipital regions. For 200 g linear acceleration, there was gt 20 mm brain displacement as the skull compressed the frontal region, and gel separated from the occiput. Tensile strain was 15-25% in the frontal, central and occipital regions, and shear strain was lt 15%. Brain injury mechanisms are discussed. The physical model tests are well-documented, and may help refine finite element models of brain displacement and deformation during closed-head head impact.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1358-8265",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}