@article{ref1,
title="A review of side effects and adverse events of non-drug medicine (Nonpharmaceutical complementary and alternative medicine): Psychotherapy, mind-body medicine and clinical holistic medicine",
journal="Journal of complementary and integrative medicine",
year="2009",
author="Ventegodt, S. and Merrick, J.",
volume="6",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Review of side effects of psychotherapy, bodywork (without high-energy manipulations), mind-body medicine, body-psychotherapy, sexology, clinical holistic medicine and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). <br><br>METHOD: We reviewed 857 records from a combined Medline/PubMed and PsycINFO search on ? Psychotherapy AND side effectsWe also searched for ? Mind-body medicine,? Bodywork,? Body-psychotherapy,? Clinical holistic medicine,?CAM,? Sexology,? Sexological examination,?physiotherapy,and specific side effects like ?psychosis,? Re-traumatization,?suicide, hypomania,?depersonalisation,? Derealizationand the drugs Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), ?psilosybin,?mescaline,? Peyoteand MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) for searches. We looked for all case reports 1950-2009 and studies that included data on side effects and negative events. <br><br>RESULTS: Non-drug medicine did not have significant side effects (NNH (number needed to harm)> 18,000) and the only severe side effect was rare, brief reactive psychosis, a temporary illness with full recovery (NNH >65,000). Non-drug therapy did not significantly cause re-traumatization, implanted memories, or induction of suicide (NNH>100,000). The most intensive psychotherapy enhanced with psychotropic (hallucinogenic) drugs had serious, but rare side effects and only for the mentally ill, psychiatric patients: brief reactive psychosis (NNH=556), suicide attempts (NNH=833), and suicide (NNH=2,500). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Non-drug (non-pharmaceutical) medicine seems to be safe even for seriously physically and mentally ill patients and, whenever efficient, therefore recommended as treatment of choice. Copyright © 2009 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2194-6329",
doi="10.2202/1553-3840.1156",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-3840.1156"
}