@article{ref1,
title="Familial risk factors influencing the course and the evolution of bipolar disorder: Literature review",
journal="Journal de Therapie Comportementale et Cognitive",
year="2009",
author="Richa, N. and Richa, S. and Salloum, S. and Baddoura, C. and Millet, B. and Mirabel-Sarron, C.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="141-145",
abstract="The dysfunction in the families of the bipolar persons is more and more considered as being an important environmental factor influencing the course and the evolution of the disease. The objective of this article is to revise studies conducted on bipolar patients and their families, assessing the impact of the family environment on the course and the evolution of the bipolar disorder. We found that the family of bipolar patients is described as having a high level of conflict and a low level of cohesion and expression. The parents who have a high level of emotional expression (EE), who make personal criticisms, who have a negative nonverbal attitude, and a universal causal attribution of the disease, can precipitate the relapse of their children. The childhood abuse of these patients at an early age can be positively correlated with a rapid cycle of bipolar disorder, a dependence on a substance, a suicide attempt, a PTSD and hallucinatory symptoms. A family atmosphere, characterized by one or some of these risk factors, shapes the severity of the disease of the subjects affected by bipolar disorder. © 2009 Association franc aise de th rapie comportementale et cognitive. Published by Elsevier. Masson SAS. All rights reserved.<p /><p>Language: fr</p>",
language="fr",
issn="1155-1704",
doi="10.1016/j.jtcc.2009.10.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcc.2009.10.004"
}