@article{ref1,
title="Cost of illness for bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the economic burden",
journal="Bipolar disorders",
year="2014",
author="Kleine-Budde, K. and Touil, E. and Moock, J. and Bramesfeld, A. and Kawohl, W. and Rössler, W.",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="337-353",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: Recent reviews lack important information on the high cost-of-illness worldwide for bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, the present study systematically analyzed those costs, their driving components, and the methodological quality with which the few existing cost-of-illness investigations have been performed. <br><br>METHODS: In June 2012, we conducted a systematic literature review of electronic databases to identify relevant cost-of-illness studies published since 2000. Their methodological quality was assessed. Costs were standardized by first extrapolating them to 2009 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and then converting them into US dollars via purchasing power parities (PPP). <br><br>RESULTS: The main characteristics of 22 studies were evaluated. Ignoring outliers, costs per capita ranged from 8,000 to 14,000 US$-PPP for overall direct healthcare, from 4,000 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct mental healthcare, and from 2,500 to 5,000 US$-PPP for direct BD-related care. Indirect costs ranged from 2,000 to 11,000 US$-PPP. Inpatient care was the main cost driver in three studies; drug costs, in two studies. <br><br>METHODological quality was deemed satisfactory. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The cost variance was great between studies. This was likely due to differences in methodology rather than healthcare systems, thereby making such comparisons difficult. The results showed that BD has a substantial economic burden on society. To gain more evidence, international standardized checklists are needed when undertaking cost-of-illness studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1398-5647",
doi="10.1111/bdi.12165",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12165"
}