@article{ref1,
title="Combat exposure and risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among military personnel and veterans: A systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Suicide and life-threatening behavior",
year="2015",
author="Bryan, C.J. and Griffith, J.E. and Pace, B.T. and Hinkson, K. and Bryan, A.O. and Clemans, T.A. and Imel, Z.E.",
volume="45",
number="5",
pages="633-649",
abstract="Due to seemingly mixed empirical results, questions persist about the possible role of deployments and combat exposure. We conducted a narrative review and meta-analysis of 22 published studies to integrate findings regarding the relationship of deployment-related predictors (i.e., deployment, deployment to a combat zone, combat experience, and exposure to specific combat events) with suicide-related outcomes (i.e., suicide ideation, attempt, and death). Across all predictors and outcomes, the combined effect was small and positive, r =.08 [0.04, 0.13], and marked by significant heterogeneity, I2 = 99.9%, Q(21)=4880.16, p <.0001, corresponding to a 25% increased risk for suicide-related outcomes among those who have deployed. Studies examining the relationship between exposure to killing and atrocities (k = 5) showed the largest combined effect, r =.12 [0.08, 0.17], and less heterogeneity, I2 = 84.4%, Q(4)=34.96, p <.0001, corresponding to a 43% increased risk for suicide-related outcomes among those exposed to killing or atrocity. Implications for theory, research, and clinical practice are discussed. © 2015 The American Association of Suicidology.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-0234",
doi="10.1111/sltb.12163",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12163"
}