@article{ref1,
title="Urban-rural shifts in intentional firearm death: different causes, same results",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2004",
author="Branas, Charles C. and Nance, Michael L. and Elliott, Michael R. and Richmond, T. S. and Schwab, C. William",
volume="94",
number="10",
pages="1750-1755",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: We analyzed urban-rural differences in intentional firearm death. METHODS: We analyzed 584629 deaths from 1989 to 1999 assigned to 3141 US counties, using negative binomial regressions and an 11-category urban-rural variable. RESULTS: The most urban counties had 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.87, 1.20) times the adjusted firearm death rate of the most rural counties. The most rural counties experienced 1.54 (95% CI=1.29, 1.83) times the adjusted firearm suicide rate of the most urban. The most urban counties experienced 1.90 (95% CI=1.50, 2.40) times the adjusted firearm homicide rate of the most rural. Similar opposing trends were not found for nonfirearm suicide or homicide. CONCLUSIONS: Firearm suicide in rural counties is as important a public health problem as firearm homicide in urban counties. Policymakers should become aware that intentional firearm deaths affect all types of communities in the United States.",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1750",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1750"
}