@article{ref1,
title="Validation of gait analysis using smartphones: reliability and validity",
journal="Digital health",
year="2024",
author="Sun, Yan and Kong, Liwen and Zhang, Hao and Tao, Shuai and Zhao, Jie",
volume="10",
number="",
pages="e20552076241257054-e20552076241257054",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the reliability and validity of gait analysis using smartphones in a controlled environment. <br><br>METHODS: Thirty healthy adults attached smartphones to the waist and thigh, while an inertial measurement unit was fixed at the shank as a reference device; each participant was asked to walk six gait cycles at self-selected low, normal, and high speeds. Thirty-five cerebral small vessel disease patients were recruited to attach the smartphone to the thigh, performing single-task (ST), cognitive dual-task (DT(1)), and physical dual-task walking (DT(2)) to obtain gait parameters. <br><br>RESULTS: The results from the healthy group indicate that, regardless of whether attached to the thigh or waist, the smartphones calculated gait parameters with good reliability (ICC(2,1) > 0.75) across three different walking speeds. There were no significant differences in the gait parameters between the smartphone attached to the thigh and the IMU across all three walking speeds (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the smartphone at the waist and the IMU during the stance phase, swing phase, stance time, and stride length at high speeds (P < 0.05). At the same time, measurements of other gait parameters were similar (P > 0.05). Patients demonstrated significant differences in the cadence, stride time, stance phase, swing phase, stance time, stride length, and walking speed between ST and DT(1) (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the stance phase, swing phase, stride length, and walking speed between ST and DT(2) (P < 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using built-in smartphone sensors for gait analysis in a controlled environment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2055-2076",
doi="10.1177/20552076241257054",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076241257054"
}