@article{ref1,
title="Suicidal tendencies and psychiatric symptoms as consequence of anabolic androgenic steroid usage among athletes in District Rawalpindi",
journal="JPMA: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association",
year="2022",
author="Khalily, Muhammad Athar and Khalily, Muhammad Tahir and Hussain, Basharat",
volume="72",
number="4",
pages="616-619",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the possible association between suicidal tendencies and psychiatric symptoms associated with anabolic androgenic steroid usage among athletes. <br><br>METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to July 2017 in Rawalpindi and Wah Canttonment, Pakistan, after approval from the International Islamic University, Islamabad, and comprised male athletes aged >18 years. Those using androgenic anabolic steroid formed group A, while the non-users were in group B. In addition to demographics, data was collected using Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and the Symptoms Checklist-90. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 60 subjects, there were 30 (50%) in each of the two groups. The majority were aged 24-26 years 41 (68.30%). Group A scored significantly higher compared to group B on suicidal ideation, had more interpersonal problems, depression, hostility, paranoia and psychoticism (p<0.05). Unemployment and low household income increased steroid usage (p<0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There was found to be a significant association of anabolic androgenic steroid use with suicidal tendencies and mental health issues.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0030-9982",
doi="10.47391/JPMA.791",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.791"
}