@article{ref1,
title="Sports and recreation injuries in US children and adolescents",
journal="Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine",
year="1995",
author="Scheidt, Peter C. and Jones, Deann and Overpeck, Mary D. and Harel, Yossi and Trumble, A. and Bijur, Polly E.",
volume="149",
number="9",
pages="1009-1016",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To estimate and describe morbidity from sports and recreation injuries in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics--the Child Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. SETTING: The general community. PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Five percent of the eligible households did not participate. The subject of this report is 11,840 children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medically attended nonfatal injuries resulting from sports and recreation, and serious sports injuries, defined as injuries resulting in hospitalization, surgical treatment, missed school, or half a day or more in bed. Sports and recreation injuries were defined as those occurring in a place of recreation or sports, or receiving any of the following International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) E-codes: struck in sports, fall in sports, bicycle-related injury, riding an animal, water sports, overexertion, fall from playground equipment or other vehicles, primarily skates and skateboards. RESULTS: The estimated annual number of all injuries from sports and recreation in US children and adolescents is 4,379,000 (95% confidence interval = 3,147,000 to 5,611,000); from serious sport injuries, 1,363,000 (95% confidence interval = 632,000 to 2,095,000). Sports account for 36% of injuries from all causes. Cause and nature of injury are strongly related to age. Sports do not account for a disproportionate number of serious or repeated injuries compared with other causes of injuries. CONCLUSION: Sports activities account for a large number and substantial proportion of all injuries to children and youth.",
language="",
issn="1072-4710",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}