@article{ref1,
title="Essential fatty acids predict metabolites of serotonin and dopamine in cerebrospinal fluid among healthy control subjects, and early- and late-onset alcoholics",
journal="Biological psychiatry",
year="1998",
author="Hibbeln, J. R. and Linnoila, M. and Umhau, J. C. and Rawlings, R. and George, D. T. and Salem, N.",
volume="44",
number="4",
pages="235-242",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Impulsive violence, suicide, and depression are strongly associated with low concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (CSF 5-HIAA). Increased suicide and trauma reported in some cholesterol-lowering trials may be related to altered concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids rather than cholesterol, a possible surrogate marker. METHODS: CSF 5-HIAA and homovanillic acid (HVA), total cholesterol, and plasma fatty acid concentrations were examined in 176 subjects, including 49 healthy volunteers, and 88 early- and 39 late-onset alcoholics. RESULTS: Among each group, polyunsaturated fatty acids predicted both CSF 5-HIAA and CSF HVA concentrations, but total cholesterol was unrelated to either neurotransmitter metabolite. The relationships between plasma 22: 6n3 and CSF 5-HIAA were significantly different when healthy volunteers (r =.35) were compared to early-onset alcoholics (r = -.38) (p <.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary studies are indicated to determine if essential fatty acid supplementation can influence central nervous system serotonin and dopamine metabolism and modify impulsive behaviors related to these neurotransmitters.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-3223",
doi="10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00141-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00141-3"
}