@article{ref1,
title="Hemorrhages of the tongue in the postmortem diagnostics of strangulation",
journal="Forensic science international",
year="2002",
author="Bockholdt, Britta and Maxeiner, H.",
volume="126",
number="3",
pages="214-220",
abstract="Hemorrhages of the tongue can be useful for the diagnosis in cases of lethal neck compression. The reported frequencies of tongue bleedings in the literature in cases of suicidal hanging range from 0 to 14% and in homicidal strangulation (str.) from 5 to 37%. This study gives a summary of the incidence and intensity of tongue bleedings in cases of homicidal str. by ligature, manual str., suicidal str. by ligature and suicidal hanging. In 25% of all homicides significant or massive hemorrhages of the tongue were detected. In contrast to this, in suicidal hanging the tongue was unaffected in 95%. The causes of massive hemorrhages here (2%) could be explained by an &quot;abnormal&quot; position of the loop.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0379-0738",
doi="10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00060-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00060-9"
}