@article{ref1,
title="Self-harm in a mixed clinical population: the roles of self-criticism, shame, and social rank",
journal="British journal of clinical psychology",
year="2010",
author="Gilbert, Paul and McEwan, Kirsten and Irons, Chris and Bhundia, Rakhee and Christie, Rachael and Broomhead, Claire and Rockliff, Helen",
volume="49",
number="Pt 4",
pages="563-576",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This study explored the relationship of forms and functions of self-criticism, shame, and social rank variables to self-harm, depression, and anxiety. DESIGN: The study used a questionnaire design. METHOD: In-patients and day-patients (N=73) completed a series of questionnaires measuring self-harm, mood, self-criticism, shame, and social comparison. RESULTS: Self-harm was significantly associated with forms and functions of self-criticism, shame, and feelings of inferiority (low social rank). The self-persecuting function of self-criticism was especially linked to self-harm, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to a growing literature on the importance of recognizing the pathogenic effects of negative self-critical thoughts and feelings about the self and the value of distinguishing different types of self-criticism.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0144-6657",
doi="10.1348/014466509X479771",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466509X479771"
}