@article{ref1,
title="Behavioral effects of congenital ventromedial prefrontal cortex malformation",
journal="BMC neurology",
year="2011",
author="Boes, Aaron D. and Grafft, Amanda Hornaday and Joshi, Charuta and Chuang, Nathaniel A. and Nopoulos, Peg and Anderson, Steven W.",
volume="11",
number="",
pages="e151-e151",
abstract="BACKGROUND: A detailed behavioral profile associated with focal congenital malformation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has not been reported previously. Here we describe a 14 year-old boy, B.W., with neurological and psychiatric sequelae stemming from focal cortical malformation of the left vmPFC. CASE PRESENTATION: B.W.'s behavior has been characterized through extensive review Patience of clinical and personal records along with behavioral and neuropsychological testing. A central feature of the behavioral profile is severe antisocial behavior. He is aggressive, manipulative, and callous; features consistent with psychopathy. Other problems include: egocentricity, impulsivity, hyperactivity, lack of empathy, lack of respect for authority, impaired moral judgment, an inability to plan ahead, and poor frustration tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: The vmPFC has a profound contribution to the development of human prosocial behavior. B.W. demonstrates how a congenital lesion to this cortical region severely disrupts this process.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2377",
doi="10.1186/1471-2377-11-151",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-11-151"
}