@article{ref1,
title="A comparative video analysis of hamstring injuries mechanism and situational pattern in men's and women's football (soccer)",
journal="Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy",
year="2024",
author="Della Villa, Francesco and Buckthorpe, Matthew and Pellegrini, Alessandro and Ranzini, Alice and Esposito, Fabio and Crescenzo, Christian and Nanni, Gianni and Zago, Matteo",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: To describe the injury mechanism and situational patterns of severe (absence >28 days) hamstring muscle injuries in professional male and female football (soccer) players. <br><br>METHODS: The data for males were sourced from Serie A clubs participating in both national and international competitions from 2018 to 2021. For the female cohort, hamstring injuries were identified during matches of the top national/international competitions from 2017 to 2023. Video footage was obtained, and three raters categorised injury mechanisms and situational patterns. Injuries were also examined according to the month, minute and location. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 129 severe hamstring injuries were identified, with 64 occurring in females and 65 in males. Video analysis was possible for 29 (45%) female cases and 61 (94%) male cases. Female injuries had longer lay-off times (97.8 ± 77.1 days) than males (39.6 ± 20.9 days). Females had a higher proportion of indirect contact injuries (34%) than males (13%) and a lower proportion of non-contact injuries (66% vs. 87%). Four situational patterns were identified: running was the most common for both sexes, representing 59% of female injuries and 41% of male injuries. Over-stretching injuries were split across open and CKC scenarios but collectively explained nearly half (48%) of male injuries but only one in five (21%) female injuries. Kicking injuries had a higher proportion in females (17%) than males (10%). Injuries were more common in the second half for females and the first half for males. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Females had a higher proportion of indirect contact, running and kicking injuries and a lower proportion of non-contact and stretch-type injuries than males. Understanding injury patterns can inform tailored prevention programs, considering sex-specific differences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0942-2056",
doi="10.1002/ksa.12313",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12313"
}