@article{ref1,
title="Reciprocal relations between self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms: Evidence from a short-term, four-wave longitudinal study",
journal="Canadian journal of behavioural science",
year="2012",
author="McGrath, Daniel S. and Sherry, Simon B. and Stewart, Sherry H. and Mushquash, Aislin R. and Allen, Stephanie L. and Nealis, Logan J. and Sherry, Dayna L.",
volume="44",
number="3",
pages="169-181",
abstract="Is self-critical perfectionism an antecedent of depressive symptoms, a consequence of depressive symptoms, or both? In the present study, self-critical perfectionism (i.e., harsh criticism of one's actions, negative reactions to perceived failures, and extreme concerns over others' evaluations) and depressive symptoms were conceptualised as a unified, interlocking syndrome wherein self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms reciprocally influence each other over time. This reciprocal relations model was tested in 240 undergraduates studied using a four-wave, 4-week longitudinal design. As hypothesised, reciprocal relations were observed between self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms, with self-critical perfectionism predicting changes in depressive symptoms and vice versa. <br><br>RESULTS suggest persons high in self-critical perfectionism may find themselves entangled in an escalating pattern where self-critical perfectionism both leads to, and results from, depressive symptoms. Research focused exclusively on unidirectional relations between self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms may ignore information critical to accurately understanding self-critical perfectionism, depressive symptoms, and their interrelation. Instead of assuming unidirectional relations between self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms, researchers are encouraged to test for reciprocal relations between these two variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)<p />",
language="en",
issn="0008-400X",
doi="10.1037/a0027764",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027764"
}