@article{ref1,
title="The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths",
journal="American journal of epidemiology",
year="2024",
author="Cerdá, Magdalena and Wheeler-Martin, Katherine and Bruzelius, Emilie and Mauro, Christine M. and Crystal, Stephen and Davis, Corey S. and Adhikari, Samrachana and Santaella-Tenorio, Julian and Keyes, Katherine M. and Rudolph, Kara E. and Hasin, Deborah and Martins, Silvia S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Mandatory prescription drug monitoring programs and cannabis legalization have been hypothesized to reduce overdose deaths. We examined associations between prescription monitoring programs with access mandates (&quot;must-query PDMPs&quot;), legalization of medical and recreational cannabis supply, and opioid overdose deaths in United States counties in 2013-2020. Using data on overdose deaths from the National Vital Statistics System, we fit Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate risk differences and 95% credible intervals (CrI) in county-level opioid overdose deaths associated with enactment of these state policies. Must-query PDMPs were independently associated with on average 0.8 (95% CrI: 0.5, 1.0) additional opioid-involved overdose deaths per 100,000 person-years. Legal cannabis supply was not independently associated with opioid overdose deaths in this time period. Must-query PDMPs enacted in the presence of legal (medical or recreational) cannabis supply were associated with 0.7 (95% CrI: 0.4, 0.9) more opioid-involved deaths, relative to must-query PDMPs without any legal cannabis supply. In a time when overdoses are driven mostly by non-prescribed opioids, stricter opioid prescribing policies and more expansive cannabis legalization were not associated with reduced overdose death rates.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9262",
doi="10.1093/aje/kwae210",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae210"
}