@article{ref1,
title="Endodontic sequelae associated with repetitive impacts to the dentofacial region during boxing activities",
journal="International endodontic journal",
year="2024",
author="McCarthy, Sally and Gulabivala, Kishor and St George, Geoffrey and Harvey, Simon and Ng, Yuan-Ling",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIM: To explore self-reported dentofacial trauma and their potential endodontic sequelae in boxers using a questionnaire, followed by clinical and radiographic assessment to (1) compare the nature and number of self-reported dentofacial injuries with physical evidence of injury sequelae; and (2) investigate potential risk factors influencing dentofacial trauma and their endodontic sequelae. <br><br>METHODOLOGY: A focus group validated questionnaire was completed by 176 boxers recruited from 16 London boxing clubs; 61 boxers from this cohort then attended a London dental hospital, for a clinical and radiographic assessment. Data from the questionnaire and clinical assessments were then collated and analysed using Chi-squared or t-tests. <br><br>RESULTS: Questionnaire data revealed 87.5% of boxers reported a history of dentofacial trauma during boxing activity. The clinical and radiographic assessment detected evidence of dentofacial trauma in 91.8% of boxers and dental injury or endodontic-related injury sequelae in 68.9% of boxers. There was a significant association between dentofacial trauma and boxers who did not participate in weekly neck weight sessions (p < .001), and there was a significant association between trauma-related endodontic sequelae and: boxer age (p = .01); competitions per month (p = .002); and defensive skill (p = .007). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the cohort had suffered dentofacial injuries and endodontic sequelae. The questionnaire data under-reported musculoskeletal injuries and endodontic sequelae, suggesting that some hard-tissue injuries following repetitive dentofacial trauma may have a subclinical presentation. Injury risk may be related to increased boxer age, defensive skills, frequency of participation in competitions, and frequency of neck weight sessions per week.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0143-2885",
doi="10.1111/iej.14111",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.14111"
}