@article{ref1,
title="Trapped in violence: a life table analysis of firearm injury and death among adolescent Black males",
journal="Journal of Adolescent Health",
year="2024",
author="Harris, Rebecca Arden and Richmond, Therese S. and Mandell, David S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: We report the chances of 14-year-old males becoming victims of firearm injury or death before age 25 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. <br><br>METHODS: Using life table methods, we followed 4,501 Black males aged 14 years, and a comparison group of 1,751 White males, over 11 years. <br><br>RESULTS: Among 14-year-old Black males, the risk of a nonfatal firearm injury before age 25 was 10.1% (95% confidence interval, 9.2%-11.0%), the risk of death from firearms was 2.5% (1.7%-3.2%), and the combined risk was 12.5% (11.0%-14.1%). Among White males, the risk of nonfatal firearm injury was 0.8% (0.3%-1.2%), the risk of death was 0.3% (0.02%-0.5%), and the combined risk was 1.0% (0.5%-1.5%). <br><br>DISCUSSION: Risk estimates reveal the dire likelihood of firearm injury or death among Black adolescent males in Philadelphia. Immediate interventions are needed to de-escalate conflicts, provide supports, and address the upstream causes of violence like poverty and structural racism.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1054-139X",
doi="10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.05.021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.05.021"
}