@article{ref1,
title="Instrument to evaluate the perception of abuse and/or disrespectful treatment during childbirth: a validation study",
journal="Midwifery",
year="2024",
author="Hernández-Martínez, Antonio and Rodríguez-Almagro, Julián and Donate Manzanares, Miriam and Ortiz Esquinas, Inmaculada and Rubio Alvárez, Ana and Ballesta Castillejos, Ana and Infante Torres, Nuria and García de Mateos, Silvia and Gónzalez Trujillo, Victoriano and Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel",
volume="137",
number="",
pages="e104118-e104118",
abstract="AIM: To design and validate a tool to assess a woman's perception of whether she has experienced a situation of abuse or disrespect during childbirth attendance: &quot;Childbirth Abuse and Respect Evaluation-Maternal Questionnaire&quot; (CARE-MQ). <br><br>METHODS: Multidisciplinary panel of experts (gynecologists, midwives, mothers) participated in creating CARE-MQ. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 901 Spanish women who had given birth between 1 and 3 months before to determine psychometric characteristics. Finally, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and a convergent validity study were carried out with the Quality Questionnaire from the Patient's Perspective-Intrapartum (QPP-I), and a reliability study using internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and coefficient of intraclass correlation (CCI). <br><br>FINDINGS: The KMO test gave a value of 0.935, and Bartlett's sphericity test was <0.001. The EFA identified four components (&quot;Emotional Abuse&quot;, &quot;Inadequate Professionalism&quot;, &quot;Physical Abuse&quot; y &quot;Lost contact&quot;) that explained 55.16 % of variance. In the CFA, a good fit was observed for most of the evaluated indicators. CARE-MQ correlated negatively with QPP-I (Spearman's rho = -0.641, 95 % CI: -0.679, -0.600; p < 0.001) and was statistically associated with variables related to childbirth experience (p < 0.005) such as the use of a birth plan, use of regional analgesia, type of birth, episiotomy, presence of severe tears, skin-to-skin contact, length of hospital stay and postpartum surgical intervention. Cronbach's α value was 0.903. The ICC of absolute agreement after administering the questionnaire one week after was 0.927 (95 % CI: 0.85-0.97). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CARE-MQ is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the perception of a woman regarding the situation of abuse and/or disrespect that she may have experienced during birth in a population of Spanish postpartum women.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0266-6138",
doi="10.1016/j.midw.2024.104118",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2024.104118"
}