@article{ref1,
title="Inter-rater and test-retest reliability: methods and results for the neighborhood observational checklist",
journal="Health and place",
year="2007",
author="Zenk, Shannon N. and Schulz, Amy J. and Mentz, Graciela and House, James S. and Gravlee, Clarence C. and Miranda, Patricia Y. and Miller, Pamela and Kannan, Srimathi",
volume="13",
number="2",
pages="452-465",
abstract="The popularity of direct or systematic social observation as a method to evaluate the mechanisms by which neighborhood environments impact health and contribute to health disparities is growing. The development of measures with adequate inter-rater and test-retest reliability is essential for this research. In this paper, based on our experiences conducting direct observation of neighborhoods in Detroit, MI, we describe strategies to promote high inter-rater and test-retest reliability and methods to evaluate reliability. We then present the results and discuss implications for future research efforts using direct observation in four areas: methods to evaluate reliability, instrument content and design, observer training, and data collection.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8292",
doi="10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.05.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.05.003"
}