@article{ref1,
title="Territorial Markings As a Predictor of Driver Aggression and Road Rage",
journal="Journal of applied social psychology",
year="2008",
author="Szlemko, William J. and Benfield, Jacob A. and Bell, Paul A. and Deffenbacher, Jerry L. and Troup, Lucy",
volume="38",
number="6",
pages="1664-1688",
abstract="Aggressive driving has received substantial media coverage during the past decade. We report 3 studies testing a territorial explanation of aggressive driving. Altman (1975) described attachment to, personalization of, and defense of primary territories (e.g., home) as being greater than for public territories (e.g., sunbathing spot on a beach). Aggressive driving may occur when social norms for defending a primary territory (i.e., one's automobile) become confused with less aggressive norms for defending a public territory (i.e., the road). Both number of territory markers (e.g., bumper stickers, decals) and attachment to the vehicle were significant predictors of aggressive driving. Mere presence of a territory marker predicts increased use of the vehicle to express anger and decreased use of adaptive/constructive expressions.<p />",
language="",
issn="0021-9029",
doi="10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00364.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00364.x"
}