@article{ref1,
title="Quadriceps angle and risk of injury among high school cross-country runners",
journal="Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy",
year="2007",
author="Rauh, Mitchell J. and Koepsell, Thomas D. and Rivara, Frederick P. and Rice, Stephen G. and Margherita, Anthony J.",
volume="37",
number="12",
pages="725-733",
abstract="DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and risk of lower extremity injury among adolescent cross-country runners. BACKGROUND: No consensus exists on the role of the Q-angle as a risk factor for lower-extremity overuse injury, especially the effect of large Q-angle or right-left Q-angle difference. METHODS AND MEASURES: The Q-angles of 393 high school cross-country runners, 13 to 19 years of age, were goniometrically measured in a static, standing position with quadriceps relaxed. The runners were followed during a cross-country season to assess lower extremity injuries resulting from running in practices or competitions. RESULTS: Runners with a Q-angle>20 degrees were at 1.7 times greater risk of injury (relative risk [RR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 2.4) compared with runners whose Q-angle was 10 degrees to<15 degrees . The RR estimates were similar among girls and boys. Runners with>4 degrees absolute right-left Q-angle difference were at 1.8 times greater risk (RR, 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.5) compared to runners with a smaller difference. Runners with a Q-angle>20 degrees were more likely to injure their knee, while runners with>4 degrees Q-angle difference were more likely to injure their shin. Runners with a Q-angle>20 degrees had greater time lost due to injury. CONCLUSIONS: High school cross-country runners with large or asymmetric Q-angles may be at greater risk for running injury. Our study suggests that Q-angle measurement be included in preseason screening exams.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0190-6011",
doi="10.2519/jospt.2007.2453",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2453"
}